{
  "evidence": "Software calculation; no prototype measurements included.",
  "inductor": {
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        "Vin_nom": 12,
        "Vin_max": 13.2,
        "Vout": 3.3,
        "Iout_max": 5,
        "f_sw": 200,
        "eta_target": 95,
        "ripple_rate": 25,
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        "D_nom": 0.27499999999999997,
        "D_max": 0.3055555555555555,
        "Pout": 16.5,
        "Delta_I": 1.25,
        "L_required": 9.899999999999999,
        "I_peak": 5.625,
        "I_rms": 5.013003923131651,
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    "selected": {
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      "material": "N87",
      "bobbin": "BE13-1110CPSFR",
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        "wireAWG": 16,
        "insulationClass": "F",
        "strands": 1,
        "B_peak": 0.32565835587383063,
        "K_u": 0.3824153317240875,
        "wireConfig": "AWG 16",
        "high_freq_warning": true,
        "suggest_litz": false,
        "is_internal_threshold": true,
        "ac_ratio_model": "bessel",
        "proximity_risk_level": "medium",
        "proximity_risk_penalty": 1,
        "core_volume_mm3": 516,
        "rac_rdc_ratio": 28.653968111080154,
        "ac_copper_loss_ratio_pct": 3.5942870245880707,
        "edge_effect_gap_ratio": 0.0071689478851352335,
        "edge_effect_factor": 1.1074526057237353,
        "fringing_gap_ratio": 0.0071689478851352335,
        "fringing_factor": 1.1074526057237353,
        "copper_loss": 0.11241124038779443,
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        "total_loss": 0.12703273553040761,
        "efficiency": 99.2359867358717,
        "hotspot_temperature": 32.7221310945536,
        "winding_temperature": 32.7221310945536,
        "core_temperature": 25.785473655718615,
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        "ambient_rise_margin_c": 37.2778689054464,
        "core_margin_c": 74.21452634428138,
        "thermal_bottleneck": "ambient_rise",
        "inductance_error": 0.00014160166112616243,
        "L_actual": 9.90001401856445,
        "gapLength": 0.21650222613108405,
        "pros": [
          "Flux saturation OK (≤80%)",
          "High efficiency",
          "Efficiency meets target",
          "Good temperature margin",
          "High inductance accuracy",
          "Turns ≥10"
        ],
        "cons": [],
        "slot_fill_eff": 63,
        "k_th_bob": 0.68,
        "winding_layers": 2,
        "n_per_layer": 5,
        "bobbin_id": "BE13-1110CPSFR",
        "no_gap_ok": false,
        "core_Ae_mm2": 17.1,
        "core_Aw_mm2": 34.1775,
        "core_le_mm": 30.2,
        "B_lim_eff": 0.4,
        "is_ferrite": true,
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        "Vin_max": 13.2,
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        "Iout_max": 5,
        "f_sw": 200,
        "eta_target": 95,
        "ripple_rate": 25,
        "mode": "ccm"
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        "K_u": 0.4,
        "inductance_tolerance": 20,
        "peak_current_margin": 0,
        "T_ambient": 25,
        "cooling_type": "natural",
        "application_type": "industrial",
        "optimization_goal": "balanced",
        "high_freq_correction": "auto",
        "insulation_class": "basic",
        "lifespan_years": 5
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    }
  },
  "flyback": {
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        "Vin_dc_min": 90,
        "Vin_dc_nom": 310,
        "Vin_dc_max": 375,
        "outputs": [
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            "label": "Secondary 1",
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            "Iout": 2,
            "Vf_sec": 0.7
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        "mode": "DCM",
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        "eta_target": 83,
        "leakage_ratio_pct": 3,
        "Cd_pF": 200,
        "qr_valley": 1
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        "Vin_dc_nom": 310,
        "Vin_dc_max": 375,
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            "Vf_sec": 0.7,
            "Vout_eff": 12.7,
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        "ccm_margin": -0.5,
        "warnings": []
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    "constraints": {
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      "Delta_T_max": 40,
      "cooling_type": "natural",
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      "optimization_goal": "balanced",
      "wire_thermal_class": "F",
      "wire_insulation_build": "heavy",
      "winding_topology": "non_interleaved"
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    "selected": {
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      "material_id": "Magnetics-T",
      "core_type": "PQ",
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      "Lm_actual": 248.37261145156083,
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      "f_sw_eff_kHz": 65,
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      "demag_margin_eff": 0.2327696593622317,
      "lg_mm": 0.45387200652258025,
      "inductance_error_pct": 0.00016619576941644704,
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        "awg": 32,
        "strands": 7,
        "od_mm": 0.213,
        "area_per_turn_mm2": 0.24942910492625184,
        "copper_area_mm2": 0.224,
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        "copper_loss_dc_W": 0.0666317805496884,
        "copper_loss_W": 0.1430824103161703,
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          "area_per_turn_mm2": 0.8882916059878212,
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          "Ns": 8,
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          "Vout_actual": 12,
          "n_error_pct": -2.9861111111111116,
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      "physical_fill_pct": 73.03044848439801,
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      "copper_loss_secondaries_W": 0.1305785875421342,
      "total_loss_W": 0.39329712285834534,
      "hotspot_temperature_C": 44.09674082450322,
      "temperature_rise_C": 4.096740824503222,
      "temperature_margin_C": 35.90325917549678,
      "core_Ve_mm3": 2330,
      "rank": 1,
      "bobbin_id": "PCB2016FC",
      "no_bobbin_warning": false,
      "low_turns_warning": false,
      "mat_temp_warning": false,
      "pareto_group_key": "PQ|round",
      "mfg_risks": {
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        "risk_parallel": 0.8,
        "risk_parallel_sec": 0.6666666666666666,
        "risk_Np": 0,
        "risk_Ns": 0,
        "risk_layers": 0.25,
        "risk_aux_deviation": 0
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      "flags": {
        "F2": 0,
        "F3": 0.15,
        "F4": 0,
        "F5": 0
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      "flag_u": 0.15,
      "dqs": 74.59220596611831,
      "dqs_breakdown": {
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        "mfg_u": 0.6384094545443284,
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        "oversize_u": 0,
        "fill_excess_u": 0.025761212109950193
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  },
  "provenance": {
    "inductor": {
      "version": "4.0.0",
      "files": {
        "src/data/designPresets.ts": "d8770a7b11c3d5eb2bb93be0df5537d64c7689db2fa532073469b2aafad269a3",
        "src/utils/calculations.ts": "258bcdcbbab43f171e549e525e4852ac473a819bfd8d952d4111f58a828610ff",
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    "flyback": {
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  }
}